Chemistry Lab Safety: Rules, Equipment, and Common Mistakes

Safety goggles (not glasses) are required at all times in the lab. They protect against splashes, fumes, and projectiles. Wear a lab coat or apron to protect your clothing and skin. Use appropriate gloves — nitrile gloves protect against most chemicals, but check compatibility for specific substances (some chemicals dissolve certain glove materials). Closed-toe shoes are mandatory; no sandals, flip-flops, or open-toed footwear. Long hair must be tied back to prevent it from contacting flames, chemicals, or equipment.

Never taste or smell chemicals directly — use the wafting technique (gently fan vapors toward your nose) if instructed to note an odor. Read the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before working with any new chemical. Always add acid to water ('do as you oughta, add acid to water'), never water to acid — the heat generated can cause spattering. Label every container clearly. Never return unused chemicals to the original container (contamination risk). Dispose of waste in designated containers, never down the drain unless specifically instructed.

Bunsen burners: keep the flame visible (blue flame is hard to see), never leave unattended, keep flammable materials away. Glassware: inspect for cracks before use (cracked glass can break under heat or pressure), use borosilicate glass for heating. Hot plates: remember they stay hot long after being turned off, use heat-resistant tongs. Fume hoods: always work inside the hood when handling volatile or toxic substances, keep the sash at the recommended height. Pipetting: never pipette by mouth — always use a bulb or mechanical pipettor.

Know the location of: the fire extinguisher, fire blanket, eyewash station, safety shower, first aid kit, and emergency exits BEFORE you start any experiment. Chemical splash on skin: flush with water for at least 15-20 minutes using the safety shower. Chemical splash in eyes: use the eyewash station for at least 15-20 minutes, holding eyelids open. Small fire: alert others, use the fire extinguisher if trained. Large fire: evacuate immediately using the designated exit route. Chemical spill: alert the instructor immediately. Do not attempt to clean up hazardous spills yourself.

Removing goggles 'just for a moment.' Not reading the procedure before starting. Heating a closed container (pressure buildup). Pointing a test tube at yourself or others while heating. Eating or drinking in the lab. Working alone without supervision. Not washing hands before leaving the lab. Ignoring small spills that can become slipping hazards. These mistakes cause the majority of lab incidents and are entirely preventable with awareness and discipline.