⚖️

Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium occurs when forward and reverse reaction rates are equal. Master Le Chatelier's principle, equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp), ICE tables, and how to predict equilibrium shifts.

Solve Chemical Equilibrium Problems with AI

Snap a photo of any chemical equilibrium problem and get instant step-by-step solutions.

Download ChemistryIQ

Key Concepts

1
Dynamic Equilibrium Concept
2
Equilibrium Constant Expressions (Kc, Kp)
3
Le Chatelier's Principle
4
ICE Tables
5
Reaction Quotient (Q)
6
Heterogeneous Equilibria
7
Solubility Product (Ksp)
8
Common Ion Effect

Study Tips

  • Pure solids and liquids are NOT included in equilibrium expressions
  • Kp = Kc(RT)^(delta n) where delta n = moles gas products - moles gas reactants
  • Compare Q to K to predict which direction the reaction will shift
  • Le Chatelier's principle: systems shift to counteract applied stress

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Students often include pure solids/liquids in K expressions, confuse Q and K, forget that catalysts don't affect equilibrium position (only rate), and misapply Le Chatelier's principle. Remember: adding an inert gas at constant volume doesn't shift equilibrium.

Chemical Equilibrium FAQs

Common questions about chemical equilibrium

K is the equilibrium constant at a specific temperature - it's a fixed value. Q is the reaction quotient calculated from current concentrations, which may not be at equilibrium. If Q < K, reaction goes forward. If Q > K, reaction goes backward. If Q = K, system is at equilibrium.

ICE stands for Initial, Change, Equilibrium. Write initial concentrations, then express changes in terms of x using stoichiometry. Equilibrium = Initial + Change. Substitute into K expression and solve for x.

No! Catalysts speed up both forward and reverse reactions equally, so equilibrium is reached faster but the final position (K value) doesn't change. Catalysts lower activation energy but don't change thermodynamics.

Related Topics

All Chemistry Topics

Master Chemical Equilibrium with AI

Download ChemistryIQ and solve any chemistry problem instantly.

Download for iOS